Tham khảo Nạn_đói_Bắc_Triều_Tiên

  1. ↑ Noland, Marcus (2004). “Famine and Reform in North Korea”. Asian Economic Papers 3 (2): 1–40. doi:10.1162/1535351044193411?journalCode=asep. 
  2. ↑ Haggard, Nolan, Sen (2009). Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform. tr. 209. ISBN 9780231140010. This tragedy was the result of a misguided strategy of self-reliance that only served to increase the country's vulnerability to both economic and natural shocks... The state's culpability in this vast misery elevates the North Korean famine to a crime against humanity 
  3. ↑ “North Korea: A terrible truth”. The Economist. Ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 1997. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 9 năm 2011. 
  4. ↑ "Humanitarian Aid Toward North Korea: A Global Peace-Building Process," East Asian Review, Winter 2001.
  5. ↑ Hagard, Stephan and Noland, Marcus (2007). Famine in North Korea: markets, aid and reform. Columbia University Press:New York
  6. 1 2 3 Noland, Marcus, Sherman Robinson and Tao Wang, Famine in North Korea: Causes and Cures, Institute for International Economics.
  7. 1 2 3 Spoorenberg, Thomas; Schwekendiek, Daniel (2012). “Demographic Changes in North Korea: 1993–2008”. Population and Development Review 38 (1): 133–158. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00475.x. 
  8. ↑ Demick, Barbara (2010). Nothing to Envy: Love, Life and Death in North Korea. Sydney: Fourth Estate. tr. 69. ISBN 9780732286613. 
  9. ↑ “Mapping a Hidden Disaster: Personal Histories of Hunger in North Korea” (PDF). Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 28 tháng 11 năm 2016. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 6 năm 2018.  Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |df= (trợ giúp)
  10. 1 2 3 4
  11. ↑ Oberdorfer, Don; Carlin, Robert (2014). The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History. Basic Books. tr. 291. ISBN 9780465031238. 
  12. ↑ Stephan., Haggard (2005). Hunger and human rights : the politics of famine in North Korea. Noland, Marcus, 1959-, Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. (ấn bản 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. ISBN 978-0977111107. OCLC 64390356. 
  13. ↑ Demick, Barbara (2010). Nothing to Envy: Love, Life and Death in North Korea. Sydney: Fourth Estate. tr. 67. ISBN 9780732286613. 
  14. ↑ Oberdorfer, Don; Carlin, Robert (2014). The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History. Basic Books. tr. 308. ISBN 9780465031238. 
  15. ↑ “404”. UNDP. Truy cập 30 tháng 4 năm 2015. 
  16. ↑ Woo-Cumings, Meredith (2002) The political ecology of famine: the North Korean catastrophe and its lessons. Online at: http://personal.lse.ac.uk/SIDEL/images/WooFamine.pdf
  17. ↑ Haggard & Noland, Hunger and Human Rights, supra note 70, at 14.
  18. ↑ Frank, "Economic Reforms in North Korea (1998–2004)" p. 10
  19. ↑ "The River Kumjin Changes its Appearance," Korea 557 (January 2003), Juche 92, 16-17
  20. ↑ " The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History", Don Oberdorfer. Warner Books 1997
  21. 1 2 3 "Hungry for Peace: International Security, Humanitarian Assistance, and Social Change in North Korea", Hazel Smith, pg 66, United States Institute of Peace, 2005.
  22. ↑ "Hungry for Peace: International Security, Humanitarian Assistance, and Social Change in North Korea", Hazel Smith, p. 66, United States Institute of Peace, 2005.
  23. ↑ Floru, J.P. (2017). The Sun Tyrant: A Nightmare Called North Korea. London, U.K.: Biteback Publishing. tr. 21. ISBN 9781785902215. OCLC 984074543. When the size of the catastrophe he had caused became apparent, Kim Jong-il had his agricultural minister Seo Gwan Hee executed by firing squad. Seo was accused of being a spy for ‘the American imperialists and their South Korean lackeys’ and of having sabotaged North Korea’s self-reliance in agriculture. 
  24. ↑ Sang-Hun, Choe (18 tháng 3 năm 2010). “N. Korea Is Said to Execute Finance Chief”. The New York Times. Truy cập ngày 10 tháng 7 năm 2017. North Korea publicly executed Seo Gwan-hee, a party secretary in charge of agriculture, on spying charges in 1997 when a famine decimated the population, according to defectors. 
  25. ↑ The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History", Don Oberdorfer. Warner Books 1997
  26. ↑ “OCHA”. Truy cập 30 tháng 4 năm 2015. 
  27. ↑ UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs, "Consolidated UN Inter Agency-Appeal, ngày 1 tháng 7 năm 1996-ngày 21 tháng 3 năm 1997
  28. ↑ UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs, "Status of Public Health-Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, April 1997" retrieved at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr.preview.mmwrhtml.00048030.htm#top
  29. ↑ Haggard, Stephan. Nolan, Marcus. 2007. Famine in North Korea.New York; Columbia University press. p.51
  30. ↑ Haggard, Stephan. Nolan, Marcus. 2007. Famine in North Korea.New York; Columbia University press. p.53
  31. ↑ Haggard, Stephan. Nolan, Marcus. 2007. Famine in North Korea.New York; Columbia University press. p.54
  32. ↑ Unicef, "DPRK Mission Report," 1997
  33. ↑ FAO/WFP, "Food and Crop Assessment Mission to the DPRK," Rome, ngày 10 tháng 12 năm 1997
  34. ↑ Schwekendiek, Daniel. "A socioeconomic history of North Korea", Jefferson and London, McFarland Publishers, 2011, p. 60
  35. ↑ 『UNDP[1998]』
  36. ↑ John Powell, "Testimony to the Sub-committee on East Asia and the Pacific of the US House of Representatives, 2 May 2002," reproduced as "Special Report, North East Asia Peace and Security Network," May 20, 2002.
  37. ↑ International FIDES Service no. 4144, "Hell on Earth: The Church Must Wipe the Tears," April 23, 1999, “Archived copy”. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 17 tháng 3 năm 2003. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 10 năm 2011. .
  38. ↑ United Nations Development Program and Agricultural Recovery and Environmental Protection. "Report of the Second Thematic Round Table Conference for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Found in Annex K: Labor Force and Employment. Geneva: UNDP, June 2000
  39. ↑ UNICEF, "Situation of Children and Women (1999)
  40. ↑ Dilawar Ali Khan, "Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Improving the Quality of Vasic Social Services for the Most Vulnerable Children and Women," mimeo, UNICEF Pyongyang, April 2001
  41. ↑ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2014). “Fertility levels and trends in North Korea”. Population-E 69 (4): 433–445. 
  42. ↑ "Winter Set to Be Cruel in North Korea," ABC World Today, November 23, 2001, on http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/s424241.htm. Statistics for 1993 from UNICEF, Situation of Children and Women, (1991).
  43. ↑ Demick, Barbara (2010). Nothing to Envy: Love, Life and Death in North Korea. Sydney: Fourth Estate. tr. 160. ISBN 9780732286613. 
  44. ↑ Lankov, Andrei (2015). The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. tr. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-939003-8. 
  45. ↑ Daniel Goodkind and Loraine West, "The North Korean Famine and Its Demographic Impact," Population and Development Review 27, no. 2 (June 2001)
  46. ↑ Stephen Haggard and Marcus Noland, Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), pp. 72–76
  47. ↑ Final Report Lưu trữ 2010-12-25 tại Wayback Machine
  48. ↑ They Think They're Normal p. 155
  49. ↑ Andrew S. Natsios states, "From 1994 to 1998, 2–3 million people died of starvation and hunger-related illnesses, and the famine has generated a range of social and political effects." Natsios, "The Politics of Famine in North Korea" (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, August 2, 1999.), http://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr990802.pdf.
  50. ↑ Daniel Goodkind; Loraine West; Peter Johnson (28 tháng 3 năm 2011). “A Reassessment of Mortality in North Korea, 1993–2008”. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. tr. 3. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 11 năm 2014. 
  51. 1 2 Talmadge, Eric (22 tháng 3 năm 2019). “North Korea, seeking food aid, links sanctions to shortages”. Associated Press. Truy cập ngày 2 tháng 4 năm 2019. 

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